Best on the web
March 29, 2024, 10:26:30 am
Welcome, Guest. Please login or register.

Login with username, password and session length
News:
 
  Home   Forum   Help Search Gallery Links Staff List Login Register  

French India


+-+-
+-User
Advertisements

 

Pages: [1]
  Print  
Author Topic: French India  (Read 950 times)
Monika
Administrator
Sr. Member
*****
Posts: 427


View Profile WWW
« on: January 11, 2015, 06:13:16 am »

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia. (March 2013) http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%27Inde
Click [show] http://translate.google.com/translate?&u=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%C3%89tablissements+fran%C3%A7ais+de+l%27Inde&sl=fr&tl=en on the right to read important instructions before translating.
View a machine-translated version of the French article.
Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
After translating, {{Translated|fr|Établissements français de l'Inde}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.


French India is the name commonly used to refer (in English) to the French possessions acquired by the French East India Company in India from the second half of the 17th century onward, and officially known as the Établissements français dans l'Inde ("French establishments in India") from the resumption of French rule in 1816 to their de facto incorporation into the Union of India in 1947 and 1954.[1] They included Pondichéry, Karikal and Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast, and Chandernagor in Bengal. French India also included several loges ("lodges", subsidiary trading stations such as European East India companies founded in various places) in other towns, but after 1816 the loges had little commercial importance and the towns to which they were attached came under British administration.

The total area amounted to 510 km2 (200 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of Pondichéry. In 1936, the population of the colony totaled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.[2]

Contents
1 History
2 List of Governors of French establishments in India
2.1 Commissioners
2.2 Governors General
2.3 Commissioners
2.4 High Commissioners
3 See also
4 Notes and references
5 Bibliography
6 External links
History[edit]
See also: Franco-Indian alliances, Colonial History of Yanam and History of Puducherry
France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the foundation of the English and Dutch East India companies (in 1600 and 1602 respectively), and at a time when both companies were multiplying factories on the shores of India, the French still didn’t have a viable trading company or a single permanent establishment in the East.

Historians have sought to explain France's late entrance in the East India trade. They cite geopolitical circumstances such as the inland position of the French capital, the size of the country itself, France's numerous internal custom barriers, and parochial perspectives of merchants on France's Atlantic coast, who had little appetite for the large-scale investment required to develop a viable trading enterprise with the distant East Indies.[3][4]

The first French expedition to India is believed to have taken place in the first half of the 16th century, in the reign of François I, when two ships were fitted out by some merchants of Rouen to trade in eastern seas; they sailed from Le Havre and were never heard of again. In 1604 a company was granted letters patent by Henri IV, but the project failed. Fresh letters patent were issued in 1615, and two ships went to India, only one returning.

From 1658, François Bernier (1625–88), a French physician and traveler, was for several years the personal physician at the court of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

La Compagnie française des Indes orientales (French East India Company) was formed under the auspices of Cardinal Richelieu (1642) and reconstructed under Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1664), sending an expedition to Madagascar. In 1667 the French India Company sent out another expedition, under the command of François Caron (who was accompanied by a Persian named Marcara), which reached Surat in 1668 and established the first French factory in India.[5][6]

In 1669, Marcara succeeded in establishing another French factory at Masulipatam. In 1672, Saint Thomas was taken but the French were driven out by the Dutch. Chandernagore (present-day Chandannagar) was established in 1692, with the permission of Nawab Shaista Khan, the Mughal governor of Bengal. In 1673, the French acquired the area of Pondicherry from the qiladar of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of Bijapur, and thus the foundation of Pondichéry was laid. By 1720, the French had lost their factories at Surat, Masulipatam and Bantam to the British.


A portrait of Ananda Ranga Pillai.
On February 4, 1673, Bellanger, a French officer, took up residence in the Danish Lodge in Pondichéry, thereby commencing the French administration of Pondichéry. In 1674 François Martin, the first Governor, initiated ambitious projects to transform Pondichéry from a small fishing village into a flourishing port-town. The French, though, found themselves in continual conflict with the Dutch and the English. In 1693 the Dutch captured Pondichéry and augmented the fortifications. The French regained the town in 1699 through the Treaty of Ryswick, signed on September 20, 1697.

From their arrival until 1741, the objectives of the French, like those of the British, were purely commercial. During this period, the French East India Company peacefully acquired Yanam (about 840 kilometres or 520 miles north-east of Pondichéry on Andhra Coast) in 1723, Mahe on Malabar Coast in 1725 and Karaikal (about 150 kilometres or 93 miles south of Pondichéry) in 1739. In the early 18th century, the town of Pondichéry was laid out on a grid pattern and grew considerably. Able governors like Pierre Christophe Le Noir (1726–35) and Pierre Benoît Dumas (1735–41) expanded the Pondichéry area and made it a large and rich town.


Purple, French rule. Blue, French allies or influence (1741-1754).
Soon after his arrival in 1741, the most famous governor of French India, Joseph François Dupleix began to cherish the ambition of a French territorial empire in India in spite of the pronounced uninterested attitude of his distant superiors and of the French government, which didn't want to provoke the British. Dupleix's ambition clashed with British interests in India and a period of military skirmishes and political intrigues began and continued even in rare periods when France and Great Britain were officially at peace. Under the command of the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau, Dupleix's army successfully controlled the area between Hyderabad and Cape Comorin. But then Robert Clive arrived in India in 1744, a British officer who dashed the hopes of Dupleix to create a French empire India.

After a defeat and failed peace talks, Dupleix was summarily dismissed and recalled to France in 1754.

In spite of a treaty between the British and French agreeing not to interfere in regional Indian affairs, their colonial intrigues continued. The French expanded their influence at the court of the Nawab of Bengal and increased their trading activity in Bengal. In 1756, the French encouraged the Nawab (Siraj ud-Daulah) to attack and take the British Fort William in Calcutta. This led to the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where the British decisively defeated the Nawab and his French allies, resulting in the extension of British power over the entire province of Bengal.


Dupleix meeting the Soudhabar of the Deccan, Murzapha Jung.
Subsequently France sent Lally-Tollendal to recover the lost French possessions and drive the British out of India. Lally arrived in Pondichéry in 1758, had some initial success and razed Fort St. David in Cuddalore District to the ground in 1758, but strategic mistakes by Lally led to the loss of the Hyderabad region, the Battle of Wandiwash, and the siege of Pondicherry in 1760. In 1761 the British razed Pondichéry to the ground in revenge for the French depredations; it lay in ruins for four years. The French had lost their hold now in South India too.

In 1765 Pondichéry was returned to France in accordance with a 1763 peace treaty with Britain. Governor Jean Law de Lauriston set to rebuild the town on its former layout and after five months 200 European and 2000 Tamil houses had been erected. In 1769 the French East India Company, unable to support itself financially, was abolished by the French Crown, which assumed administration of the French possessions in India. During the next 50 years Pondichéry changed hands between France and Britain with the regularity of their wars and peace treaties.


Suffren meeting with ally Hyder Ali in 1782, J.B. Morret engraving, 1789.
Colonial India
British Indian Empire
Imperial entities of India
Dutch India   1605–1825
Danish India   1620–1869
French India   1769–1954
Portuguese India
(1505–1961)
Casa da Índia   1434–1833
Portuguese East India Company   1628–1633
British India
(1612–1947)
East India Company   1612–1757
Company rule in India   1757–1858
British Raj   1858–1947
British rule in Burma   1824–1948
Princely states   1721–1949
Partition of India   
1947
v t e
In 1816, after the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, the five establishments of Pondichéry, Chandernagore, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam and the lodges at Machilipatnam, Kozhikode and Surat were returned to France. Pondichéry had lost much of its former glory, and Chandernagore dwindled into an insignificant outpost to the north of the rapidly growing British metropolis of Calcutta. Successive governors tried, with mixed results, to improve infrastructure, industry, law and education over the next 138 years.


Chandernagor's Government House c. 1850

"Lost in the midst of the vast British domain, these ports are of little worth. Rather, they are of sentimental value to France."
By a decree of 25 January, 1871, French India was to have an elective general council (Conseil général) and elective local councils (Conseil local). The results of this measure were not very satisfactory, and the qualifications for and the classes of the franchise were modified. The governor resided at Pondichéry, and was assisted by a council. There were two Tribunaux d'instance (Tribunals of first instance) (at Pondichéry and Karikal) one Cour d'appel (Court of Appeal) (at Pondichéry) and five Justices de paix (Justice of the Peace). Agricultural production consisted of rice, earth-nuts, tobacco, betel nuts and vegetables.

The independence of India in August 1947 gave impetus to the union of France's Indian possessions with former British India. The lodges in Machilipatnam, Kozhikode and Surat were ceded to India in October 1947. An agreement between France and India in 1948 agreed to an election in France's remaining Indian possessions to choose their political future. Governance of Chandernagore was ceded to India on 2 May 1950, then it was merged with West Bengal state on 2 October 1955. On November 1, 1954, the four enclaves of Pondichéry, Yanam, Mahe, and Karikal were de facto transferred to the Indian Union and became the Union Territory of Puducherry. The de jure union of French India with India did not take place until 1962, when the French Parliament in Paris ratified the treaty with India.

Report Spam   Report to moderator   Logged

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter

Monika
Administrator
Sr. Member
*****
Posts: 427


View Profile WWW
« Reply #1 on: January 11, 2015, 06:15:19 am »

List of Governors of French establishments in India[edit]

Bellin's map of India (Indoustan), 1770
Outline of South Asian history
History of Indian subcontinent
Soanian people (500,000 BP)
Soanian people (500,000 BP)   
Stone Age (7000–3000 BC)
Mehrgarh Culture   (7000–3300 BC)
Bronze Age (3000–1300 BC)
Indus Valley Civilization   (3300–1700 BC)
 – Early Harappan Culture   (3300–2600 BC)
 – Mature Harappan Culture   (2600–1900 BC)
Ochre Coloured Pottery culture   (from 2000 BC)
Vedic period   (1750–1200 BC)
 – Late Harappan Culture   (1700–1300 BC)
Swat culture   (1600–500 BC)
 – Black and Red ware culture   (1300–1200 BC)
Iron Age (1200–26 BC)
Vedic period   (1200–500 BC)
 – Black and Red ware culture   (1200–1000 BC)
 – Painted Grey Ware culture   (1200–600 BC)
 – Janapadas   (1200–600 BC)
 – Northern Black Polished Ware   (700–200 BC)
Haryanka Kingdom   (684–424 BC)
Maha Janapadas   (600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire   (550–330 BC)
Magadha Kingdom   (500–321 BC)
Ror Kingdom   (450 BC–489 AD)
Nanda Empire   (424–321 BC)
Shishunaga Kingdom   (413–345 BC)
Macedonian Empire   (330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire   (321–184 BC)
Seleucid Empire   (312–63 BC)
Pandya Empire   (300 BC–1345 AD)
Chera Kingdom   (300 BC–1102 AD)
Chola Empire   (300 BC–1279 AD)
Pallava Empire   (250 BC–800 AD)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire   (250s BC–400s AD)
Parthian Empire   (247 BC–224 AD)
Satavahana Empire   (230–220 BC)
Kuninda Kingdom   (200s BC–300s AD)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom   (200 BC–400 AD)
Indo-Greek Kingdom   (180 BC–10 AD)
Sunga Empire   (185–73 BC)
Kanva Empire   (75–26 BC)
Classical period (21–1279 AD)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom   (21–130s AD)
Western Satrap Empire   (35–405 AD)
Kushan Empire   (60–240 AD)
Bharshiva Dynasty   (170–350 AD)
Nagas of Padmavati   (210–340 AD)
Sasanian Empire   (224–651 AD)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom   (230–360 AD)
Vakataka Empire   (250s–500s AD)
Kalabhras Empire   (250–600 AD)
Gupta Empire   (280–550 AD)
Kadamba Empire   (345–525 AD)
Western Ganga Kingdom   (350–1000 AD)
Kamarupa Kingdom   (350–1100 AD)
Vishnukundina Empire   (420–624 AD)
Maitraka Empire   (475–767 AD)
Huna Kingdom   (475–576 AD)
Rai Kingdom   (489–632 AD)
Shahi Empire   (500s–1026 AD)
Chalukya Empire   (543–753 AD)
Maukhari Empire   (550s–700s AD)
Harsha Empire   (590–647 AD)
Tibetan Empire   (618–841 AD)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom   (624–1075 AD)
Rashidun Caliphate   (632–661 AD)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire   (650–1036 AD)
Umayyad Caliphate   (661–750 AD)
Pala Empire   (750–1174 AD)
Rashtrakuta Empire   (753–982 AD)
Paramara Kingdom   (800–1327 AD)
Yadava Empire   (850–1334 AD)
Solanki Kingdom   (942–1244 AD)
Western Chalukya Empire   (973–1189 AD)
Lohara Kingdom   (1003–1320 AD)
Hoysala Empire   (1040–1346 AD)
Sena Empire   (1070–1230 AD)
Eastern Ganga Empire   (1078–1434 AD)
Kakatiya Kingdom   (1083–1323 AD)
Kalachuri Empire   (1130–1184 AD)
Late medieval period (1206–1596)
Delhi Sultanate   (1206–1526 AD)
 – Mamluk Sultanate   (1206–1290 AD)
 – Khilji Sultanate   (1290–1320 AD)
 – Tughlaq Sultanate   (1320–1414 AD)
 – Sayyid Sultanate   (1414–1451 AD)
 – Lodi Sultanate   (1451–1526 AD)
Ahom Kingdom   (1228–1826 AD)
Reddy Kingdom   (1325–1448 AD)
Vijayanagara Empire   (1336–1646 AD)
Gajapati Kingdom   (1434–1541 AD)
Deccan Sultanates   (1490–1596 AD)
Early modern period (1526–1858)
Mughal Empire   (1526–1858 AD)
Maratha Empire   (1674–1818 AD)
Durrani Empire   (1747–1823 AD)
Sikh Empire   (1799–1849 AD)
Colonial period (1510–1961)
Portuguese India   (1510–1961 AD)
Dutch India   (1605–1825 AD)
Danish India   (1620–1869 AD)
French India   (1759–1954 AD)
Company Raj   (1757–1858 AD)
British Raj   (1858–1947 AD)
Partition of India   (1947 AD)
Other states (1102–1947)
Zamorin Kingdom   (1102–1766 AD)
Deva Kingdom   (1200s–1300s AD)
Chitradurga Kingdom   (1300–1779 AD)
Garhwal Kingdom   (1358–1803 AD)
Mysore Kingdom   (1399–1947 AD)
Keladi Kingdom   (1499–1763 AD)
Koch Kingdom   (1515–1947 AD)
Thondaiman Kingdom   (1650–1948 AD)
Madurai Kingdom   (1559–1736 AD)
Thanjavur Kingdom   (1572–1918 AD)
Marava Kingdom   (1600–1750 AD)
Sikh Confederacy   (1707–1799 AD)
Travancore Kingdom   (1729–1947 AD)
Kingdoms of Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Tambapanni   (543–505 BC)
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara   (505–377 BC)
Anuradhapura Kingdom   (377 BC–1017 AD)
Kingdom of Ruhuna   (200 AD)
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa   (300–1310 AD)
Jaffna Kingdom   (1215–1624 AD)
Kingdom of Dambadeniya   (1220–1272 AD)
Kingdom of Yapahuwa   (1272–1293 AD)
Kingdom of Kurunegala   (1293–1341 AD)
Kingdom of Gampola   (1341–1347 AD)
Kingdom of Raigama   (1347–1415 AD)
Kingdom of Kotte   (1412–1597 AD)
Kingdom of Sitawaka   (1521–1594 AD)
Kingdom of Kandy   (1469–1815 AD)
Portuguese Ceylon   (1505–1658 AD)
Dutch Ceylon   (1656–1796 AD)
British Ceylon   (1815–1948 AD)
Nation histories
Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
Regional histories
Assam Balochistan Bengal Bihar Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Kashmir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Rajasthan Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Punjab Odisha Sindh South India Tamil Nadu Tibet
Specialised histories
Coinage Dynasties Economy Indology Language Literature Maritime Military Pakistan studies Science & Technology Timeline
v t e
Commissioners[edit]
François Caron, 1668–72
François Baron, 1672–81
François Martin, 1681 – November 93
Dutch occupation, September 1693 – September 1699 — Treaty of Ryswick (1697)
Governors General[edit]
François Martin, September 1699 – December 31, 1706
Pierre Dulivier, January 1707 – July 1708
Guillaume André d'Hébert, 1708–12
Pierre Dulivier, 1712–17
Guillaume André d'Hébert, 1717–18
Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière, August 1718 – 11 October 1721
Pierre Christoph Le Noir (Acting), 1721–23
Joseph Beauvollier de Courchant, 1723–26
Pierre Christoph Le Noir, 1726–34
Pierre Benoît Dumas, 1734–41
Joseph François Dupleix, January 14, 1742 – October 15, 1754
Charles Godeheu, Le commissaire (Acting), October 15, 1754–54
Georges Duval de Leyrit, 1754–58
Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, 1758 – January 16, 1761
First British occupation, January 15, 1761 – June 25, 1765 — Treaty of Paris (1763)
Jean Law de Lauriston, 1765–66
Antoine Boyellau, 1766–67
Jean Law de Lauriston, 1767 – January 1777
Guillaume de Bellecombe, seigneur de Teirac, January 1777–82
Charles Joseph Pâtissier, Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau, 1783–85
François, Vicomte de Souillac, 1785
David Charpentier de Cossigny, October 1785–87
Thomas, comte de Conway, October 1787–89
Camille Charles Leclerc, chevalier de Fresne,1789–92
Dominique Prosper de Chermont, November 1792–93
L. Leroux de Touffreville, 1793

Colonial Yanaon
Second British occupation, August 23, 1793 – 18 June 1802 — Treaty of Amiens (1802)
Charles Matthieu Isidore, Comte Decaen, June 18, 1802 - August 1803
Louis François Binot, 1803
Third British occupation, August 1803 – 26 September 1816 — Treaty of Paris (1814)
André Julien Comte Dupuy, September 26, 1816 – October 1825
Joseph Cordier, Marie Emmanuel (Acting), October 1825 – June 19, 1826
Eugène Panon, Comte Desbassayns de Richemont, 1826 – August 2, 1828
Joseph Cordier, Marie Emmanuel (Acting), August 2, 1828 – April 11, 1829
Auguste Jacques Nicolas Peureux de Mélay, April 11, 1829 – May 3, 1835
Hubert Jean Victor, Marquis de Saint-Simon, May 3, 1835 – April 1840
Paul de Nourquer du Camper, April 1840–44
Louis Pujol, 1844–49
Hyacinth Marie de Lalande de Calan, 1849–50
Philippe Achille Bédier, 1851–52
Raymond de Saint-Maur, August 1852 – April 1857
Alexandre Durand d'Ubraye, April 1857 – January 1863
Napoléon Joseph Louis Bontemps, January 1863 – June 1871
Antoine-Léonce Michaux, June 1871 – November 1871
Pierre Aristide Faron, November 1871–75
Adolph Joseph Antoine Trillard, 1875–1878
Léonce Laugier, February 1879 – April 1881
Théodore Drouhet, 1881 – October 1884
Étienne Richaud, October 1884–86
Édouard Manès, 1886–88
Georges Jules Piquet, 1888–89
Louis Hippolyte Marie Nouet, 1889–91
Léon Émile Clément-Thomas, 1891–1896
Louis Jean Girod, 1896 – February 1898
François Pierre Rodier, February 1898 – January 11, 1902
Pelletan (Acting), January 11, 1902
Victor Louis Marie Lanrezac, 1902–04
Philema Lemaire, August 1904 – April 1905
Joseph Pascal François, April 1905 – October 1906
Gabriel Louis Angoulvant, October 1906 – December 3, 1907
Adrien Jules Jean Bonhoure, 1908–09
Ernest Fernand Lévecque, 1909 – July 9, 1910
Alfred Albert Martineau, July 9, 1910 – July 1911
Pierre Louis Alfred Duprat, July 1911 – November 1913
Alfred Albert Martineau, November 1913 – June 29, 1918
Pierre Etienne Clayssen (acting), June 29, 1918 – February 21, 1919
Louis Martial Innocent Gerbinis, February 21, 1919 – February 11, 1926
Henri Leo Eugene Lagroua (Acting), February 11, 1926 – August 5, 1926
Pierre Jean Henri Didelot, 1926–28
Robert Paul Marie de Guise, 1928–31
François Adrien Juvanon, 1931–34
Léon Solomiac, August 1934–36
Horace Valentin Crocicchia, 1936–38
Louis Alexis Étienne Bonvin, September 26, 1938–45
Nicolas Ernest Marie Maurice Jeandin, 1945–46
Charles François Marie Baron, March 20, 1946 – August 20, 1947
French India became a Territoire d'outre-mer of France in 1946.

Commissioners[edit]
Charles François Marie Baron, August 20, 1947 – May 1949
Charles Chambon, May 1949 – July 31, 1950
André Ménard, July 31, 1950 – October 1954
Georges Escargueil, October 1954 – November 1, 1954
de facto transfer to Indian Union

High Commissioners[edit]
Mr.Kewal Singh November 1, 1954–57
M.K. Kripalani 1957–58
L.R.S. Singh 1958–58
AS Bam 1960
Sarat Kumar Dutta 1961–61
Report Spam   Report to moderator   Logged

Monika
Administrator
Sr. Member
*****
Posts: 427


View Profile WWW
« Reply #2 on: January 11, 2015, 06:17:33 am »

See also[edit]
Causes for Liberation of French colonies in India
Municipal Administration in French India
European colonies in India
Coup d'état of Yanaon
French colonial empire
Chanda Sahib
Muzaffar Jang
Salabat Jang
Claude Martin
La Martiniere College
List of French possessions and colonies


Notes and references[edit]
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "India, French". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^ In France, the official name was customarily used in official documents; the expression Inde française was generally not used as it seemed too grandiose, inasmuch as the Indian territory under French administration was minuscule, especially in comparison to British India. Among the French population and in the French press, the expression Comptoirs de l'Inde was commonly used. Properly speaking, though, a comptoir is a trading station, whereas the French possessions in India comprehended entire towns and were not mere trading stations.
^ Jacques Weber, Pondichéry et les comptoirs de l'Inde après Dupleix, Éditions Denoël, Paris, 1996, p. 347.
^ Holden Furber, Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600-1800, University of Minnesota Press, 1976, p. 201.
^ Philippe Haudrère, Les Compagnies des Indes Orientales, Paris, 2006, p 70.
^ Asia in the making of Europe, p. 747.
^ The Cambridge history of the British Empire, p. 66.
Bibliography[edit]
Sudipta Das (1992). Myths and realities of French imperialism in India, 1763–1783. New York: P. Lang. ISBN 0820416762. 459p.
External links[edit]
   Wikimedia Commons has media related to French India.
French Books on India: Representations of India in French Literature and Culture 1750 to 1962 – University of Liverpool
V. Sankaran, Freedom struggle in Pondicherry – Gov't of India publication
v t e
Indian independence movement
History   
Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Jacobin Club of Mysore Anglo-Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo-Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar War Vellore Mutiny First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 more
Gandhi during the Salt March, 1930
Congress flag of India (1931)
Emblem of India
Philosophies
and ideologies   
Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj
Events and
movements   
Partition of Bengal Revolutionaries Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Hindu–German Conspiracy Champaran and Kheda Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Non-Cooperation Movement Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi–Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indische Legion Cripps' mission Quit India Indian National Army Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day
Organisations   
Indian National Congress All India Kisan Sabha All-India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association India House Indian Home Rule Movement Indian Independence League Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Swaraj Party more
Social
reformers   
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar B. R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Sri Aurobindo Ayyankali Vinoba Bhave Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Mahatma Gandhi Narayana Guru A. Vaidyanatha Iyer G. Subramania Iyer Dhondo Keshav Karve Syed Ahmad Khan J. B. Kripalani Vakkom Moulavi Jyotirao Phule Pandita Ramabai Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Mahadev Govind Ranade Muthulakshmi Reddi Ram Mohan Roy Dayananda Saraswati Sahajanand Saraswati Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Shahaji II Vitthal Ramji Shinde Bal Gangadhar Tilak Ayya Vaikundar Kandukuri Veeresalingam Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Vivekananda
Independence
activists   
Shah Alam II Hyder Ali Abul Kalam Azad Chandra Shekhar Azad Annie Besant Subramanya Bharathi Ram Prasad Bismil Rash Behari Bose Subhas Chandra Bose Bhikaiji Cama Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Dheeran Chinnamalai Chittaranjan Das Shuja-ud-Daula Siraj ud-Daulah Har Dayal Nana Fadnavis Mahatma Gandhi Gopal Krishna Gokhale Dhan Singh Gurjar Yashwantrao Holkar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Hemu Kalani Veerapandiya Kattabomman Ashfaqulla Khan Bakht Khan Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan J. B. Kripalani Rani Lakshmibai Begum Hazrat Mahal Annapurna Maharana Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi V. K. Krishna Menon Syama Prasad Mookerjee Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Sarojini Naidu Dadabhai Naoroji Jawaharlal Nehru Oomaithurai Bipin Chandra Pal Mangal Pandey Maruthu Pandiyar Govind Ballabh Pant Vallabhbhai Patel Achyut Patwardhan Mir Qasim Lala Lajpat Rai C. Rajagopalachari Alluri Sita Rama Raju Sangolli Rayanna Bidhan Chandra Roy Nana Sahib Rahul Sankrityayan Dayananda Saraswati Sahajanand Saraswati Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Bahadur Shah II Mahadaji Shinde Yogendra Shukla Babu Kunwar Singh Basawon Singh Bhagat Singh Krishna Singh Ram Singh Tipu Sultan Veeran Sundaralingam Purushottam Das Tandon Puli Thevar Bal Gangadhar Tilak Tatya Tope Shyamji Krishna Varma Pritilata Waddedar more
British leaders   
Clive Outram Dalhousie Irwin Linlithgow Wavell Cripps Mountbatten
Independence   
Simla Conference Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Constitution Republic of India Liberation of French colonies in India Liberation of Portuguese India
v t e
French overseas empire
Former   
v t e
Former French colonies in Africa and the Indian Ocean
French North Africa   
Algeria Morocco Tunisia
French West Africa   
Côte d'Ivoire Dahomey French Sudan Guinea Mauritania Arguin Island Niger Senegal Upper Volta
    
French Togoland James Island Albreda
French Equatorial Africa   
Chad Gabon Middle Congo Ubangi-Shari French Cameroons
French Comoros   
Anjouan Grande Comore Mohéli
    
French Somaliland (Djibouti) Madagascar Isle de France
v t e
Former French colonies in the Americas
New France   
Acadia Louisiana Canada Terre Neuve
French Caribbean   
Dominica Grenada The Grenadines Saint-Domingue Haïti, Dominican Republic Saint Kitts & Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Tobago Virgin Islands
Equinoctial France   
Berbice France Antarctique Inini
French West India Company
v t e
Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania
French India   
Chandernagor Coromandel Coast Madras Mahé Pondichéry Karaikal Yanaon
Indochinese Union   
Cambodia Laos Vietnam Annam Cochinchina Tonkin Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, China
French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon   
State of Syria Aleppo Damascus Alawite State Greater Lebanon Jabal al-Druze Sanjak of Alexandretta
Oceania   
New Hebrides Vanuatu Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
France–Asia relations French East India Company
Present   
v t e
Overseas departments and territories of France
 
Inhabited areas
Overseas departments1   
French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte2 Réunion
Location of French Overseas Territories
Overseas collectivities   
French Polynesia St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna
Sui generis collectivity   
New Caledonia
 
Uninhabited areas
Pacific Ocean   
Clipperton Island
Overseas territory (French
Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Île Amsterdam Île Saint-Paul Crozet Islands Kerguelen Islands Adélie Land
Scattered islands in
the Indian Ocean
Banc du Geyser2, 3 Bassas da India3 Europa Island3 Glorioso Islands2, 3, 4 Juan de Nova Island3 Tromelin Island4, 5
1 Also known as overseas regions 2 Claimed by Comoros 3 Claimed by Madagascar 4 Claimed by Seychelles 5 Claimed by Mauritius
New-Map-Francophone World.PNGFrench language and French-speaking world portal Flag of France.svgFrance portal Flag of India.svgIndia portal
<img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" />
Categories: Former countries in South AsiaFormer French coloniesStates and territories established in 1769States and territories disestablished in 19541954 disestablishmentsFrench IndiaColonial KeralaFrance–India relationsFormer colonies in Asia
Report Spam   Report to moderator   Logged

Monika
Administrator
Sr. Member
*****
Posts: 427


View Profile WWW
« Reply #3 on: January 11, 2015, 06:21:33 am »

Établissements français de l'Inde
French India
French colony

1769–1954    →

French India after 1815
Capital   Pondichéry
Languages   French
Also spoken; Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
Political structure   Colony
Head of state   
 -    King
   1769-1774   Louis XV of France
 -    President
   1954   René Coty
Commissioner   
 -    1505–9 (first)   François Caron
 -    1693 (last)   François Martin
High Commissioner   
 -    1947-1949 (first)   Charles François Marie Baron
 -    1954 (last)   Georges Escargueil
Historical era   Imperialism
 -    Abolition of French East India Company   1769
 -    De facto Transfer   November 1, 1954
Area
 -    1948   508.03 km² (196 sq mi)
Population
 -    1929 est.   288,546
 -    1948 est.   332,045
Currency   French Indian Rupee

Map of the first (green) and second (blue — plain and hachured) French colonial empires.
French India is the name commonly used to refer (in English) to the French possessions acquired by the French East India

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_India
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License
Report Spam   Report to moderator   Logged

Pages: [1]
  Print  
 
Jump to:  

+-Recent Topics
Powered by EzPortal
Bookmark this site! | Upgrade This Forum
MySMF - Create your own Forum

Powered by SMF | SMF © 2016, Simple Machines
Privacy Policy